Srimad Bhagavatam · Canto 2 · Chapter 9
श्रीशुक उवाच आत्ममायामृते राजन् परस्यानुभवात्मन: । न घटेतार्थसम्बन्ध: स्वप्नद्रष्टुरिवाञ्जसा ॥ १ ॥
sri-suka uvaca atma-mayam rte rajan parasyanubhavatmanah na ghatetartha-sambandhah svapna-drastur ivanjasa
Sri Sukadeva Gosvami said: O King, unless one is influenced by the energy of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, there is no meaning to the relationship of the pure soul in pure consciousness with the material body. That relationship is just like a dreamer’s seeing his own body working.
बहुरूप इवाभाति मायया बहुरूपया । रममाणो गुणेष्वस्या ममाहमिति मन्यते ॥ २ ॥
bahu-rupa ivabhati mayaya bahu-rupaya ramamano gunesv asya mamaham iti manyate
The illusioned living entity appears in so many forms offered by the external energy of the Lord. While enjoying in the modes of material nature, the encaged living entity misconceives, thinking in terms of and mine
यर्हि वाव महिम्नि स्वे परस्मिन् कालमाययो: । रमेत गतसम्मोहस्त्यक्त्वोदास्ते तदोभयम् ॥ ३ ॥
yarhi vava mahimni sve parasmin kala-mayayoh rameta gata-sammohas tyaktvodaste tadobhayam
As soon as the living entity becomes situated in his constitutional glory and begins to enjoy the transcendence beyond time and material energy, he at once gives up the two misconceptions of life (I and mine) and thus becomes fully manifested as the pure self.
आत्मतत्त्वविशुद्ध्यर्थं यदाह भगवानृतम् । ब्रह्मणे दर्शयन् रूपमव्यलीकव्रतादृत: ॥ ४ ॥
atma-tattva-visuddhy-artham yad aha bhagavan rtam brahmane darsayan rupam avyalika-vratadrtah
O King, the Personality of Godhead, being very much pleased with Lord Brahma because of his nondeceptive penance in bhakti-yoga, presented His eternal and transcendental form before Brahma. And that is the objective goal for purifying the conditioned soul.
स आदिदेवो जगतां परो गुरु: स्वधिष्ण्यमास्थाय सिसृक्षयैक्षत । तां नाध्यगच्छद् दृशमत्र सम्मतां प्रपञ्चनिर्माणविधिर्यया भवेत् ॥ ५ ॥
sa adi-devo jagatam paro guruh svadhisnyam asthaya sisrksayaiksata tam nadhyagacchad drsam atra sammatam prapanca-nirmana-vidhir yaya bhavet
Lord Brahma, the first spiritual master, supreme in the universe, could not trace out the source of his lotus seat, and while thinking of creating the material world, he could not understand the proper direction for such creative work, nor could he find out the process for such creation.
स चिन्तयन् द्वयक्षरमेकदाम्भ- स्युपाशृणोद् द्विर्गदितं वचो विभु: । स्पर्शेषु यत्षोडशमेकविंशं निष्किञ्चनानां नृप यद् धनं विदु: ॥ ६ ॥
sa cintayan dvy-aksaram ekadambhasy upasrnod dvir-gaditam vaco vibhuh sparsesu yat sodasam ekavimsam niskincananam nrpa yad dhanam viduh
While thus engaged in thinking, in the water, Brahmaji heard twice from nearby two syllables joined together. One of the syllables was taken from the sixteenth and the other from the twenty-first of the sparsa alphabets, and both joined to become the wealth of the renounced order of life.
निशम्य तद्वक्तृदिदृक्षया दिशो विलोक्य तत्रान्यदपश्यमान: । स्वधिष्ण्यमास्थाय विमृश्य तद्धितं तपस्युपादिष्ट इवादधे मन: ॥ ७ ॥
nisamya tad-vaktr-didrksaya diso vilokya tatranyad apasyamanah svadhisnyam asthaya vimrsya tad-dhitam tapasy upadista ivadadhe manah
When he heard the sound, he tried to find the speaker, searching on all sides. But when he was unable to find anyone besides himself, he thought it wise to sit down on his lotus seat firmly and give his attention to the execution of penance, as he was instructed.
दिव्यं सहस्राब्दममोघदर्शनो जितानिलात्मा विजितोभयेन्द्रिय: । अतप्यत स्माखिललोकतापनं तपस्तपीयांस्तपतां समाहित: ॥ ८ ॥
divyam sahasrabdam amogha-darsano jitanilatma vijitobhayendriyah atapyata smakhila-loka-tapanam tapas tapiyams tapatam samahitah
Lord Brahma underwent penances for one thousand years by the calculations of the demigods. He heard this transcendental vibration from the sky, and he accepted it as divine. Thus he controlled his mind and senses, and the penances he executed were a great lesson for the living entities. Thus he is known as the greatest of all ascetics.
तस्मै स्वलोकं भगवान् सभाजित: सन्दर्शयामास परं न यत्परम् । व्यपेतसंक्लेशविमोहसाध्वसं स्वदृष्टवद्भिर्पुरुषैरभिष्टुतम् ॥ ९ ॥
tasmai sva-lokam bhagavan sabhajitah sandarsayam asa param na yat-param vyapeta-sanklesa-vimoha-sadhvasam sva-drstavadbhir purusair abhistutam
The Personality of Godhead, being thus very much satisfied with the penance of Lord Brahma, was pleased to manifest His personal abode, Vaikuntha, the supreme plane above all others. This transcendental abode of the Lord is adored by all self-realized persons freed from all kinds of miseries and fear of illusory existence.
प्रवर्तते यत्र रजस्तमस्तयो: सत्त्वं च मिश्रं न च कालविक्रम: । न यत्र माया किमुतापरे हरे- रनुव्रता यत्र सुरासुरार्चिता: ॥ १० ॥
pravartate yatra rajas tamas tayoh sattvam ca misram na ca kala-vikramah na yatra maya kim utapare harer anuvrata yatra surasurarcitah
In that personal abode of the Lord, the material modes of ignorance and passion do not prevail, nor is there any of their influence in goodness. There is no predominance of the influence of time, so what to speak of the illusory, external energy; it cannot enter that region. Without discrimination, both the demigods and the demons worship the Lord as devotees.
श्यामावदाता: शतपत्रलोचना: पिशङ्गवस्त्रा: सुरुच: सुपेशस: । सर्वे चतुर्बाहव उन्मिषन्मणि- प्रवेकनिष्काभरणा: सुवर्चस: ॥ ११ ॥
syamavadatah sata-patra-locanah pisanga-vastrah surucah supesasah sarve catur-bahava unmisan-mani- praveka-niskabharanah suvarcasah
The inhabitants of the Vaikuntha planes are described as having a glowing sky-bluish complexion. Their eyes resemble lotus flowers, their dress is of yellowish color, and their bodily features very attractive. They are just the age of growing youths, they all have four hands, they are all nicely decorated with pearl necklaces with ornamental medallions, and they all appear to be effulgent.
प्रवालवैदूर्यमृणालवर्चस: । परिस्फुरत्कुण्डलमौलिमालिन: ॥ १२ ॥
pravala-vaidurya-mrnala-varcasah parisphurat-kundala-mauli-malinah
Some of them are effulgent like coral and diamonds in complexion and have garlands on their heads, blooming like lotus flowers, and some wear earrings.
भ्राजिष्णुभिर्य: परितो विराजते लसद्विमानावलिभिर्महात्मनाम् । विद्योतमान: प्रमदोत्तमाद्युभि: सविद्युदभ्रावलिभिर्यथा नभ: ॥ १३ ॥
bhrajisnubhir yah parito virajate lasad-vimanavalibhir mahatmanam vidyotamanah pramadottamadyubhih savidyud abhravalibhir yatha nabhah
The Vaikuntha planes are also surrounded by various airplanes, all glowing and brilliantly situated. These airplanes belong to the great mahatmas or devotees of the Lord. The ladies are as beautiful as lightning because of their celestial complexions, and all these combined together appear just like the sky decorated with both clouds and lightning.
श्रीर्यत्र रूपिण्युरुगायपादयो: करोति मानं बहुधा विभूतिभि: । प्रेङ्खं श्रिता या कुसुमाकरानुगै- र्विगीयमाना प्रियकर्म गायती ॥ १४ ॥
srir yatra rupiny urugaya-padayoh karoti manam bahudha vibhutibhih prenkham srita ya kusumakaranugair vigiyamana priya-karma gayati
The goddess of fortune in her transcendental form is engaged in the loving service of the Lord’s lotus feet, and being moved by the black bees, followers of spring, she is not only engaged in variegated pleasure—service to the Lord, along with her constant companions—but is also engaged in singing the glories of the Lord’s activities.
ददर्श तत्राखिलसात्वतां पतिं श्रिय: पतिं यज्ञपतिं जगत्पतिम् । सुनन्दनन्दप्रबलार्हणादिभि: स्वपार्षदाग्रै: परिसेवितं विभुम् ॥ १५ ॥
dadarsa tatrakhila-satvatam patim sriyah patim yajna-patim jagat-patim sunanda-nanda-prabalarhanadibhih sva-parsadagraih parisevitam vibhum
Lord Brahma saw in the Vaikuntha planes the Personality of Godhead, who is the Lord of the entire devotee community, the Lord of the goddess of fortune, the Lord of all sacrifices, and the Lord of the universe, and who is served by the foremost servitors like Nanda, Sunanda, Prabala and Arhana, His immediate associates.
भृत्यप्रसादाभिमुखं दृगासवं प्रसन्नहासारुणलोचनाननम् । किरीटिनं कुण्डलिनं चतुर्भुजं पीतांशुकं वक्षसि लक्षितं श्रिया ॥ १६ ॥
bhrtya-prasadabhimukham drg-asavam prasanna-hasaruna-locanananam kiritinam kundalinam catur-bhujam pitamsukam vaksasi laksitam sriya
The Personality of Godhead, seen leaning favorably towards His loving servitors, His very sight intoxicating and attractive, appeared to be very much satisfied. He had a smiling face decorated with an enchanting reddish hue. He was dressed in yellow robes and wore earrings and a helmet on his head. He had four hands, and His chest was marked with the lines of the goddess of fortune.
अध्यर्हणीयासनमास्थितं परं वृतं चतु:षोडशपञ्चशक्तिभि: । युक्तं भगै: स्वैरितरत्र चाध्रुवै: स्व एव धामन् रममाणमीश्वरम् ॥ १७ ॥
adhyarhaniyasanam asthitam param vrtam catuh-sodasa-panca-saktibhih yuktam bhagaih svair itaratra cadhruvaih sva eva dhaman ramamanam isvaram
The Lord was seated on His throne and was surrounded by different energies like the four, the sixteen, the five, and the six natural opulences, along with other insignificant energies of the temporary character. But He was the factual Supreme Lord, enjoying His own abode.
तद्दर्शनाह्लादपरिप्लुतान्तरो हृष्यत्तनु: प्रेमभराश्रुलोचन: । ननाम पादाम्बुजमस्य विश्वसृग् यत् पारमहंस्येन पथाधिगम्यते ॥ १८ ॥
tad-darsanahlada-pariplutantaro hrsyat-tanuh prema-bharasru-locanah nanama padambujam asya visva-srg yat paramahamsyena pathadhigamyate
Lord Brahma, thus seeing the Personality of Godhead in His fullness, was overwhelmed with joy within his heart, and thus in full transcendental love and ecstasy, his eyes filled with tears of love. He thus bowed down before the Lord. That is the way of the highest perfection for the living being (paramahamsa).
तं प्रीयमाणं समुपस्थितं कविं प्रजाविसर्गे निजशासनार्हणम् । बभाष ईषत्स्मितशोचिषा गिरा प्रिय: प्रियं प्रीतमना: करे स्पृशन् ॥ १९ ॥
tam priyamanam samupasthitam kavim praja-visarge nija-sasanarhanam babhasa isat-smita-socisa gira priyah priyam prita-manah kare sprsan
And seeing Brahma present before Him, the Lord accepted him as worthy to create living beings, to be controlled as He desired, and thus being much satisfied with him, the Lord shook hands with Brahma and, slightly smiling, addressed him thus.
श्रीभगवानुवाच त्वयाहं तोषित: सम्यग् वेदगर्भ सिसृक्षया । चिरं भृतेन तपसा दुस्तोष: कूटयोगिनाम् ॥ २० ॥
sri-bhagavan uvaca tvayaham tositah samyag veda-garbha sisrksaya ciram bhrtena tapasa dustosah kuta-yoginam
The beautiful Personality of Godhead addressed Lord Brahma: O Brahma, impregnated with the Vedas, I am very much pleased with your long accumulated penance with the desire for creation. Hardly am I pleased with the pseudo mystics.
वरं वरय भद्रं ते वरेशं माभिवाञ्छितम् । ब्रह्मञ्छ्रेय:परिश्राम: पुंसां मद्दर्शनावधि: ॥ २१ ॥
varam varaya bhadram te varesam mabhivanchitam brahman chreyah-parisramah pumsam mad-darsanavadhih
I wish you good luck. O Brahma, you may ask from Me, the giver of all benediction, all that you may desire. You may know that the ultimate benediction, as the result of all penances, is to see Me by realization.
मनीषितानुभावोऽयं मम लोकावलोकनम् । यदुपश्रुत्य रहसि चकर्थ परमं तप: ॥ २२ ॥
manisitanubhavo ’yam mama lokavalokanam yad upasrutya rahasi cakartha paramam tapah
The highest perfectional ingenuity is the personal perception of My abodes, and this has been possible because of your submissive attitude in the performance of severe penance according to My order.
प्रत्यादिष्टं मया तत्र त्वयि कर्मविमोहिते । तपो मे हृदयं साक्षादात्माहं तपसोऽनघ ॥ २३ ॥
pratyadistam maya tatra tvayi karma-vimohite tapo me hrdayam saksad atmaham tapaso ’nagha
O sinless Brahma, you may know from Me that it was I who first ordered you to undergo penance when you were perplexed in your duty. Such penance is My heart and soul, and therefore penance and I are nondifferent.
सृजामि तपसैवेदं ग्रसामि तपसा पुन: । बिभर्मि तपसा विश्वं वीर्यं मे दुश्चरं तप: ॥ २४ ॥
srjami tapasaivedam grasami tapasa punah bibharmi tapasa visvam viryam me duscaram tapah
I create this cosmos by such penance, I maintain it by the same energy, and I withdraw it all by the same energy. Therefore the potential power is penance only.
ब्रह्मोवाच भगवन् सर्वभूतानामध्यक्षोऽवस्थितो गुहाम् । वेद ह्यप्रतिरुद्धेन प्रज्ञानेन चिकीर्षितम् ॥ २५ ॥
brahmovaca bhagavan sarva-bhutanam adhyakso ’vasthito guham veda hy apratiruddhena prajnanena cikirsitam
Lord Brahma said: O Personality of Godhead, You are situated in every living entity’s heart as the supreme director, and therefore You are aware of all endeavors by Your superior intelligence, without any hindrance whatsoever.
तथापि नाथमानस्य नाथ नाथय नाथितम् । परावरे यथा रूपे जानीयां ते त्वरूपिण: ॥ २६ ॥
tathapi nathamanasya natha nathaya nathitam paravare yatha rupe janiyam te tv arupinah
In spite of that, my Lord, I am praying to You to kindly fulfill my desire. May I please be informed how, in spite of Your transcendental form, You assume the mundane form, although You have no such form at all.
यथात्ममायायोगेन नानाशक्त्युपबृंहितम् । विलुम्पन् विसृजन् गृह्णन् बिभ्रदात्मानमात्मना ॥ २७ ॥
yathatma-maya-yogena nana-sakty-upabrmhitam vilumpan visrjan grhnan bibhrad atmanam atmana
And (please inform me) how You, by Your own Self, manifest different energies for annihilation, generation, acceptance and maintenance by combination and permutation.
क्रीडस्यमोघसङ्कल्प ऊर्णनाभिर्यथोर्णुते । तथा तद्विषयां धेहि मनीषां मयि माधव ॥ २८ ॥
kridasy amogha-sankalpa urnanabhir yathornute tatha tad-visayam dhehi manisam mayi madhava
O master of all energies, please tell me philosophically all about them. You play like a spider that covers itself by its own energy, and Your determination is infallible.
भगवच्छिक्षितमहं करवाणि ह्यतन्द्रित: । नेहमान: प्रजासर्गं बध्येयं यदनुग्रहात् ॥ २९ ॥
bhagavac-chiksitam aham karavani hy atandritah nehamanah praja-sargam badhyeyam yad-anugrahat
Please tell me so that I may be taught in the matter by the instruction of the Personality of Godhead and may thus act instrumentally to generate living entities, without being conditioned by such activities.
यावत् सखा सख्युरिवेश ते कृत: प्रजाविसर्गे विभजामि भो जनम् । अविक्लवस्ते परिकर्मणि स्थितो मा मे समुन्नद्धमदोऽजमानिन: ॥ ३० ॥
yavat sakha sakhyur ivesa te krtah praja-visarge vibhajami bho janam aviklavas te parikarmani sthito ma me samunnaddha-mado ’ja maninah
O my Lord, the unborn, You have shaken hands with me just as a friend does with a friend (as if equal in position). I shall be engaged in the creation of different types of living entities, and I shall be occupied in Your service. I shall have no perturbation, but I pray that all this may not give rise to pride, as if I were the Supreme.
श्रीभगवानुवाच ज्ञानं परमगुह्यं मे यद् विज्ञानसमन्वितम् । सरहस्यं तदङ्गं च गृहाण गदितं मया ॥ ३१ ॥
sri-bhagavan uvaca jnanam parama-guhyam me yad vijnana-samanvitam sarahasyam tad-angam ca grhana gaditam maya
The Personality of Godhead said: Knowledge about Me as described in the scriptures is very confidential, and it has to be realized in conjunction with devotional service. The necessary paraphernalia for that process is being explained by Me. You may take it up carefully.
यावानहं यथाभावो यद्रूपगुणकर्मक: । तथैव तत्त्वविज्ञानमस्तु ते मदनुग्रहात् ॥ ३२ ॥
yavan aham yatha-bhavo yad-rupa-guna-karmakah tathaiva tattva-vijnanam astu te mad-anugrahat
All of Me, namely My actual eternal form and My transcendental existence, color, qualities and activities—let all be awakened within you by factual realization, out of My causeless mercy.
अहमेवासमेवाग्रे नान्यद् यत् सदसत् परम् । पश्चादहं यदेतच्च योऽवशिष्येत सोऽस्म्यहम् ॥ ३३ ॥
aham evasam evagre nanyad yat sad-asat param pascad aham yad etac ca yo ’vasisyeta so ’smy aham
Brahma, it is I, the Personality of Godhead, who was existing before the creation, when there was nothing but Myself. Nor was there the material nature, the cause of this creation. That which you see now is also I, the Personality of Godhead, and after annihilation what remains will also be I, the Personality of Godhead.
ऋतेऽर्थं यत् प्रतीयेत न प्रतीयेत चात्मनि । तद्विद्यादात्मनो मायां यथाभासो यथा तम: ॥ ३४ ॥
rte ’rtham yat pratiyeta na pratiyeta catmani tad vidyad atmano mayam yathabhaso yatha tamah
O Brahma, whatever appears to be of any value, if it is without relation to Me, has no reality. Know it as My illusory energy, that reflection which appears to be in darkness.
यथा महान्ति भूतानि भूतेषूच्चावचेष्वनु । प्रविष्टान्यप्रविष्टानि तथा तेषु न तेष्वहम् ॥ ३५ ॥
yatha mahanti bhutani bhutesuccavacesv anu pravistany apravistani tatha tesu na tesv aham
O Brahma, please know that the universal elements enter into the cosmos and at the same time do not enter into the cosmos; similarly, I Myself also exist within everything created, and at the same time I am outside of everything.
एतावदेव जिज्ञास्यं तत्त्वजिज्ञासुनात्मन: । अन्वयव्यतिरेकाभ्यां यत् स्यात् सर्वत्र सर्वदा ॥ ३६ ॥
etavad eva jijnasyam tattva-jijnasunatmanah anvaya-vyatirekabhyam yat syat sarvatra sarvada
A person who is searching after the Supreme Absolute Truth, the Personality of Godhead, most certainly search for it up to this, in all circumstances, in all space and time, and both directly and indirectly.
एतन्मतं समातिष्ठ परमेण समाधिना । भवान् कल्पविकल्पेषु न विमुह्यति कर्हिचित् ॥ ३७ ॥
etan matam samatistha paramena samadhina bhavan kalpa-vikalpesu na vimuhyati karhicit
O Brahma, just follow this conclusion by fixed concentration of mind, and no pride will disturb you, neither in the partial nor in the final devastation.
श्रीशुक उवाच सम्प्रदिश्यैवमजनो जनानां परमेष्ठिनम् । पश्यतस्तस्य तद् रूपमात्मनो न्यरुणद्धरि: ॥ ३८ ॥
sri-suka uvaca sampradisyaivam ajano jananam paramesthinam pasyatas tasya tad rupam atmano nyarunad dharih
Sukadeva Gosvami said to Maharaja Pariksit: The Supreme Personality of Godhead, Hari, after being seen in His transcendental form, instructing Brahmaji, the leader of the living entities, disappeared.
अन्तर्हितेन्द्रियार्थाय हरये विहिताञ्जलि: । सर्वभूतमयो विश्वं ससर्जेदं स पूर्ववत् ॥ ३९ ॥
antarhitendriyarthaya haraye vihitanjalih sarva-bhutamayo visvam sasarjedam sa purvavat
On the disappearance of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Hari, who is the object of transcendental enjoyment for the senses of devotees, Brahma, with folded hands, began to re-create the universe, full with living entities, as it was previously.
प्रजापतिर्धर्मपतिरेकदा नियमान् यमान् । भद्रं प्रजानामन्विच्छन्नातिष्ठत् स्वार्थकाम्यया ॥ ४० ॥
prajapatir dharma-patir ekada niyaman yaman bhadram prajanam anvicchann atisthat svartha-kamyaya
Thus once upon a time the forefather of living entities and the father of religiousness, Lord Brahma, situated himself in acts of regulative principles, desiring self-interest for the welfare of all living entities.
तं नारद: प्रियतमो रिक्थादानामनुव्रत: । शुश्रूषमाण: शीलेन प्रश्रयेण दमेन च ॥ ४१ ॥
tam naradah priyatamo rikthadanam anuvratah susrusamanah silena prasrayena damena ca
Narada, the most dear of the inheritor sons of Brahma, always ready to serve his father, strictly follows the instructions of his father by his mannerly behavior, meekness and sense control.
मायां विविदिषन् विष्णोर्मायेशस्य महामुनि: । महाभागवतो राजन् पितरं पर्यतोषयत् ॥ ४२ ॥
mayam vividisan visnor mayesasya maha-munih maha-bhagavato rajan pitaram paryatosayat
Narada very much pleased his father and desired to know all about the energies of Visnu, the master of all energies, for Narada was the greatest of all sages and greatest of all devotees, O King.
तुष्टं निशाम्य पितरं लोकानां प्रपितामहम् । देवर्षि: परिपप्रच्छ भवान् यन्मानुपृच्छति ॥ ४३ ॥
tustam nisamya pitaram lokanam prapitamaham devarsih paripapraccha bhavan yan manuprcchati
The great sage Narada also inquired in detail from his father, Brahma, the great-grandfather of all the universe, after seeing him well satisfied.
तस्मा इदं भागवतं पुराणं दशलक्षणम् । प्रोक्तं भगवता प्राह प्रीत: पुत्राय भूतकृत् ॥ ४४ ॥
tasma idam bhagavatam puranam dasa-laksanam proktam bhagavata praha pritah putraya bhuta-krt
Thereupon the supplementary Vedic literature, Srimad-Bhagavatam, which was described by the Personality of Godhead and which contains ten characteristics, was told with satisfaction by the father [Brahma] to his son Narada.
नारद: प्राह मुनये सरस्वत्यास्तटे नृप । ध्यायते ब्रह्म परमं व्यासायामिततेजसे ॥ ४५ ॥
naradah praha munaye sarasvatyas tate nrpa dhyayate brahma paramam vyasayamita-tejase
In succession, O King, the great sage Narada instructed Srimad-Bhagavatam unto the unlimitedly powerful Vyasadeva, who meditated in devotional service upon the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the Absolute Truth, on the bank of the river Sarasvati.
यदुताहं त्वया पृष्टो वैराजात् पुरुषादिदम् । यथासीत्तदुपाख्यास्ते प्रश्नानन्यांश्च कृत्स्नश: ॥ ४६ ॥
yad utaham tvaya prsto vairajat purusad idam yathasit tad upakhyaste prasnan anyams ca krtsnasah
O King, your questions as to how the universe became manifested from the gigantic form of the Personality of Godhead, as well as other questions, I shall answer in detail by explanation of the four verses already mentioned.
