Srimad Bhagavatam · Canto 4 · Chapter 4

Satī Quits Her Body

4.4.1

मैत्रेय उवाच एतावदुक्त्वा विरराम शङ्कर: पत्‍न्यङ्गनाशं ह्युभयत्र चिन्तयन् । सुहृद्दिद‍ृक्षु: परिशङ्किता भवान् निष्क्रामती निर्विशती द्विधास सा ॥ १ ॥

maitreya uvaca etavad uktva virarama sankarah patny-anga-nasam hy ubhayatra cintayan suhrd-didrksuh parisankita bhavan niskramati nirvisati dvidhasa sa

The sage Maitreya said: Lord Siva was silent after speaking to Sati, seeing her between decisions. Sati was very much anxious to see her relatives at her father’s house, but at the same time she was afraid of Lord Siva’s warning. Her mind unsettled, she moved in and out of the room as a swing moves this way and that.

4.4.2

सुहृद्दिद‍ृक्षाप्रतिघातदुर्मना: स्‍नेहाद्रुदत्यश्रुकलातिविह्वला । भवं भवान्यप्रतिपूरुषं रुषा प्रधक्ष्यतीवैक्षत जातवेपथु: ॥ २ ॥

suhrd-didrksa-pratighata-durmanah snehad rudaty asru-kalativihvala bhavam bhavany apratipurusam rusa pradhaksyativaiksata jata-vepathuh

Sati felt very sorry at being forbidden to go see her relatives at her father’s house, and due to affection for them, tears fell from her eyes. Shaking and very much afflicted, she looked at her uncommon husband, Lord Siva, as if she were going to blast him with her vision.

4.4.3

ततो विनि:श्वस्य सती विहाय तं शोकेन रोषेण च दूयता हृदा । पित्रोरगात्स्त्रैणविमूढधीर्गृहान् प्रेम्णात्मनो योऽर्धमदात्सतां प्रिय: ॥ ३ ॥

tato vinihsvasya sati vihaya tam sokena rosena ca duyata hrda pitror agat straina-vimudha-dhir grhan premnatmano yo ’rdham adat satam priyah

Thereafter Sati left her husband, Lord Siva, who had given her half his body due to affection. Breathing very heavily because of anger and bereavement, she went to the house of her father. This less intelligent act was due to her being a weak woman.

4.4.4

तामन्वगच्छन् द्रुतविक्रमां सतीम् एकां त्रिनेत्रानुचरा: सहस्रश: । सपार्षदयक्षा मणिमन्मदादय: पुरोवृषेन्द्रास्तरसा गतव्यथा: ॥ ४ ॥

tam anvagacchan druta-vikramam satim ekam tri-netranucarah sahasrasah sa-parsada-yaksa maniman-madadayah puro-vrsendras tarasa gata-vyathah

When they saw Sati leaving alone very rapidly, thousands of Lord Siva’s disciples, headed by Maniman and Mada, quickly followed her with his bull Nandi in front and accompanied by the Yaksas.

4.4.5

तां सारिकाकन्दुकदर्पणाम्बुज श्वेतातपत्रव्यजनस्रगादिभि: । गीतायनैर्दुन्दुभिशङ्खवेणुभि- र्वृषेन्द्रमारोप्य विटङ्किता ययु: ॥ ५ ॥

tam sarika-kanduka-darpanambuja- svetatapatra-vyajana-srag-adibhih gitayanair dundubhi-sankha-venubhir vrsendram aropya vitankita yayuh

The disciples of Lord Siva arranged for Sati to be seated on the back of a bull and gave her the bird which was her pet. They bore a lotus flower, a mirror and all such paraphernalia for her enjoyment and covered her with a great canopy. Followed by a singing party with drums, conchshells and bugles, the entire procession was as pompous as a royal parade.

4.4.6

आब्रह्मघोषोर्जितयज्ञवैशसं विप्रर्षिजुष्टं विबुधैश्च सर्वश: । मृद्दार्वय:काञ्चनदर्भचर्मभि- र्निसृष्टभाण्डं यजनं समाविशत् ॥ ६ ॥

abrahma-ghosorjita-yajna-vaisasam viprarsi-justam vibudhais ca sarvasah mrd-darv-ayah-kancana-darbha-carmabhir nisrsta-bhandam yajanam samavisat

She then reached her father’s house, where the sacrifice was being performed, and entered the arena where everyone was chanting the Vedic hymns. The great sages, brahmanas and demigods were all assembled there, and there were many sacrificial animals, as well as pots made of clay, stone, gold, grass and skin, which were all requisite for the sacrifice.

4.4.7

तामागतां तत्र न कश्चनाद्रियद् विमानितां यज्ञकृतो भयाज्जन: । ऋते स्वसृर्वै जननीं च सादरा: प्रेमाश्रुकण्ठ्य: परिषस्वजुर्मुदा ॥ ७ ॥

tam agatam tatra na kascanadriyad vimanitam yajna-krto bhayaj janah rte svasrr vai jananim ca sadarah premasru-kanthyah parisasvajur muda

When Sati, with her followers, reached the arena, because all the people assembled were afraid of Daksa, none of them received her well. No one welcomed her but her mother and sisters, who, with tears in their eyes and with glad faces, welcomed her and talked with her very pleasingly.

4.4.8

सौदर्यसम्प्रश्नसमर्थवार्तया मात्रा च मातृष्वसृभिश्च सादरम् । दत्तां सपर्यां वरमासनं च सा नादत्त पित्राप्रतिनन्दिता सती ॥ ८ ॥

saudarya-samprasna-samartha-vartaya matra ca matr-svasrbhis ca sadaram dattam saparyam varam asanam ca sa nadatta pitrapratinandita sati

Although she was received by her sisters and mother, she did not reply to their words of reception, and although she was offered a seat and presents, she did not accept anything, for her father neither talked with her nor welcomed her by asking about her welfare.

4.4.9

अरुद्रभागं तमवेक्ष्य चाध्वरं पित्रा च देवे कृतहेलनं विभौ । अनाद‍ृता यज्ञसदस्यधीश्वरी चुकोप लोकानिव धक्ष्यती रुषा ॥ ९ ॥

arudra-bhagam tam aveksya cadhvaram pitra ca deve krta-helanam vibhau anadrta yajna-sadasy adhisvari cukopa lokan iva dhaksyati rusa

Present in the arena of sacrifice, Sati saw that there were no oblations for her husband, Lord Siva. Next she realized that not only had her father failed to invite Lord Siva, but when he saw Lord Siva’s exalted wife, Daksa did not receive her either. Thus she became greatly angry, so much so that she looked at her father as if she were going to burn him with her eyes.

4.4.10

जगर्ह सामर्षविपन्नया गिरा शिवद्विषं धूमपथश्रमस्मयम् । स्वतेजसा भूतगणान्समुत्थितान् निगृह्य देवी जगतोऽभिश‍ृण्वत: ॥ १० ॥

jagarha samarsa-vipannaya gira siva-dvisam dhuma-patha-srama-smayam sva-tejasa bhuta-ganan samutthitan nigrhya devi jagato ’bhisrnvatah

The followers of Lord Siva, the ghosts, were ready to injure or kill Daksa, but Sati stopped them by her order. She was very angry and sorrowful, and in that mood she began to condemn the process of sacrificial fruitive activities and persons who are very proud of such unnecessary and troublesome sacrifices. She especially condemned her father, speaking against him in the presence of all.

4.4.11

देव्युवाच न यस्य लोकेऽस्त्यतिशायन: प्रिय- स्तथाप्रियो देहभृतां प्रियात्मन: । तस्मिन्समस्तात्मनि मुक्तवैरके ऋते भवन्तं कतम: प्रतीपयेत् ॥ ११ ॥

devy uvaca na yasya loke ’sty atisayanah priyas tathapriyo deha-bhrtam priyatmanah tasmin samastatmani mukta-vairake rte bhavantam katamah pratipayet

The blessed goddess said: Lord Siva is the most beloved of all living entities. He has no rival. No one is very dear to him, and no one is his enemy. No one but you could be envious of such a universal being, who is free from all enmity.

4.4.12

दोषान् परेषां हि गुणेषु साधवो गृह्णन्ति केचिन्न भवाद‍ृशो द्विज । गुणांश्च फल्गून् बहुलीकरिष्णवो महत्तमास्तेष्वविदद्भवानघम् ॥ १२ ॥

dosan paresam hi gunesu sadhavo grhnanti kecin na bhavadrso dvija gunams ca phalgun bahuli-karisnavo mahattamas tesv avidad bhavan agham

Twice-born Daksa, a man like you can simply find fault in the qualities of others. Lord Siva, however, not only finds no faults with others’ qualities, but if someone has a little good quality, he magnifies it greatly. Unfortunately, you have found fault with such a great soul.

4.4.13

नाश्चर्यमेतद्यदसत्सु सर्वदा महद्विनिन्दा कुणपात्मवादिषु । सेर्ष्यं महापूरुषपादपांसुभि- र्निरस्ततेज:सु तदेव शोभनम् ॥ १३ ॥

nascaryam etad yad asatsu sarvada mahad-vininda kunapatma-vadisu sersyam mahapurusa-pada-pamsubhir nirasta-tejahsu tad eva sobhanam

It is not wonderful for persons who have accepted the transient material body as the self to engage always in deriding great souls. Such envy on the part of materialistic persons is very good because that is the way they fall down. They are diminished by the dust of the feet of great personalities.

4.4.14

यद्वय‍क्षरं नाम गिरेरितं नृणां सकृत्प्रसङ्गादघमाशु हन्ति तत् । पवित्रकीर्तिं तमलङ्‌घ्यशासनं भवानहो द्वेष्टि शिवं शिवेतर: ॥ १४ ॥

yad dvy-aksaram nama gireritam nrnam sakrt prasangad agham asu hanti tat pavitra-kirtim tam alanghya-sasanam bhavan aho dvesti sivam sivetarah

Sati continued: My dear father, you are committing the greatest offense by envying Lord Siva, whose very name, consisting of two syllables, si and va, purifies one of all sinful activities. His order is never neglected. Lord Siva is always pure, and no one but you envies him.

4.4.15

यत्पादपद्मं महतां मनोऽलिभि- र्निषेवितं ब्रह्मरसासवार्थिभि: । लोकस्य यद्वर्षति चाशिषोऽर्थिन- स्तस्मै भवान्द्रुह्यति विश्वबन्धवे ॥ १५ ॥

yat-pada-padmam mahatam mano-’libhir nisevitam brahma-rasasavarthibhih lokasya yad varsati casiso ’rthinas tasmai bhavan druhyati visva-bandhave

You are envious of Lord Siva, who is the friend of all living entities within the three worlds. For the common man he fulfills all desires, and because of their engagement in thinking of his lotus feet, he also blesses higher personalities who are seeking after brahmananda (transcendental bliss).

4.4.16

किं वा शिवाख्यमशिवं न विदुस्त्वदन्ये ब्रह्मादयस्तमवकीर्य जटा: श्मशाने । तन्माल्यभस्मनृकपाल्यवसत्पिशाचै- र्ये मूर्धभिर्दधति तच्चरणावसृष्टम् ॥ १६ ॥

kim va sivakhyam asivam na vidus tvad anye brahmadayas tam avakirya jatah smasane tan-malya-bhasma-nrkapaly avasat pisacair ye murdhabhir dadhati tac-caranavasrstam

Do you think that greater, more respectable personalities than you, such as Lord Brahma, do not know this inauspicious person who goes under the name Lord Siva? He associates with the demons in the crematorium, his locks of hair are scattered all over his body, he is garlanded with human skulls and smeared with ashes from the crematorium, but in spite of all these inauspicious qualities, great personalities like Brahma honor him by accepting the flowers offered to his lotus feet and placing them with great respect on their heads.

4.4.17

कर्णौ पिधाय निरयाद्यदकल्प ईशे धर्मावितर्यसृणिभिर्नृभिरस्यमाने । छिन्द्यात्प्रसह्य रुशतीमसतीं प्रभुश्चे- ज्जिह्वामसूनपि ततो विसृजेत्स धर्म: ॥ १७ ॥

karnau pidhaya nirayad yad akalpa ise dharmavitary asrnibhir nrbhir asyamane chindyat prasahya rusatim asatim prabhus cej jihvam asun api tato visrjet sa dharmah

Sati continued: If one hears an irresponsible person blaspheme the master and controller of religion, one should block his ears and go away if unable to punish him. But if one is able to kill, then one should by force cut out the blasphemer’s tongue and kill the offender, and after that one should give up his own life.

4.4.18

अतस्तवोत्पन्नमिदं कलेवरं न धारयिष्ये शितिकण्ठगर्हिण: । जग्धस्य मोहाद्धि विशुद्धिमन्धसो जुगुप्सितस्योद्धरणं प्रचक्षते ॥ १८ ॥

atas tavotpannam idam kalevaram na dharayisye siti-kantha-garhinah jagdhasya mohad dhi visuddhim andhaso jugupsitasyoddharanam pracaksate

Therefore I shall no longer bear this unworthy body, which has been received from you, who have blasphemed Lord Siva. If someone has taken food which is poisonous, the best treatment is to vomit.

4.4.19

न वेदवादाननुवर्तते मति: स्व एव लोके रमतो महामुने: । यथा गतिर्देवमनुष्ययो: पृथक् स्व एव धर्मे न परं क्षिपेत्स्थित: ॥ १९ ॥

na veda-vadan anuvartate matih sva eva loke ramato maha-muneh yatha gatir deva-manusyayoh prthak sva eva dharme na param ksipet sthitah

It is better to execute one’s own occupational duty than to criticize others’. Elevated transcendentalists may sometimes forgo the rules and regulations of the Vedas, since they do not need to follow them, just as the demigods travel in space whereas ordinary men travel on the surface of the earth.

4.4.20

कर्म प्रवृत्तं च निवृत्तमप्यृतं वेदे विविच्योभयलिङ्गमाश्रितम् । विरोधि तद्यौगपदैककर्तरि द्वयं तथा ब्रह्मणि कर्म नर्च्छति ॥ २० ॥

karma pravrttam ca nivrttam apy rtam vede vivicyobhaya-lingam asritam virodhi tad yaugapadaika-kartari dvayam tatha brahmani karma narcchati

In the Vedas there are directions for two kinds of activities—activities for those who are attached to material enjoyment and activities for those who are materially detached. In consideration of these two kinds of activities, there are two kinds of people, who have different symptoms. If one wants to see two kinds of activities in one person, that is contradictory. But both kinds of activities may be neglected by a person who is transcendentally situated.

4.4.21

मा व: पदव्य: पितरस्मदास्थिता या यज्ञशालासु न धूमवर्त्मभि: । तदन्नतृप्तैरसुभृद्‌भिरीडिता अव्यक्तलिङ्गा अवधूतसेविता: ॥ २१ ॥

ma vah padavyah pitar asmad-asthita ya yajna-salasu na dhuma-vartmabhih tad-anna-trptair asu-bhrdbhir idita avyakta-linga avadhuta-sevitah

My dear father, the opulence we possess is impossible for either you or your flatterers to imagine, for persons who engage in fruitive activities by performing great sacrifices are concerned with satisfying their bodily necessities by eating foodstuff offered as a sacrifice. We can exhibit our opulences simply by desiring to do so. This can be achieved only by great personalities who are renounced, self-realized souls.

4.4.22

नैतेन देहेन हरे कृतागसो देहोद्भवेनालमलं कुजन्मना । व्रीडा ममाभूत्कुजनप्रसङ्गत- स्तज्जन्म धिग्यो महतामवद्यकृत् ॥ २२ ॥

naitena dehena hare krtagaso dehodbhavenalam alam kujanmana vrida mamabhut kujana-prasangatas taj janma dhig yo mahatam avadya-krt

You are an offender at the lotus feet of Lord Siva, and unfortunately I have a body produced from yours. I am very much ashamed of our bodily relationship, and I condemn myself because my body is contaminated by a relationship with a person who is an offender at the lotus feet of the greatest personality.

4.4.23

गोत्रं त्वदीयं भगवान्वृषध्वजो दाक्षायणीत्याह यदा सुदुर्मना: । व्यपेतनर्मस्मितमाशु तदाऽहं व्युत्स्रक्ष्य एतत्कुणपं त्वदङ्गजम् ॥ २३ ॥

gotram tvadiyam bhagavan vrsadhvajo daksayanity aha yada sudurmanah vyapeta-narma-smitam asu tadaham vyutsraksya etat kunapam tvad-angajam

Because of our family relationship, when Lord Siva addresses me as Daksayani I at once become morose, and my jolliness and my smile at once disappear. I feel very much sorry that my body, which is just like a bag, has been produced by you. I shall therefore give it up.

4.4.24

मैत्रेय उवाच इत्यध्वरे दक्षमनूद्य शत्रुहन् क्षितावुदीचीं निषसाद शान्तवाक् । स्पृष्ट्वा जलं पीतदुकूलसंवृता निमील्य द‍ृग्योगपथं समाविशत् ॥ २४ ॥

maitreya uvaca ity adhvare daksam anudya satru-han ksitav udicim nisasada santa-vak sprstva jalam pita-dukula-samvrta nimilya drg yoga-patham samavisat

Maitreya the sage told Vidura: O annihilator of enemies, while thus speaking to her father in the arena of sacrifice, Sati sat down on the ground and faced north. Dressed in saffron garments, she sanctified herself with water and closed her eyes to absorb herself in the process of mystic yoga.

4.4.25

कृत्वा समानावनिलौ जितासना सोदानमुत्थाप्य च नाभिचक्रत: । शनैर्हृदि स्थाप्य धियोरसि स्थितं कण्ठाद्भ्रुवोर्मध्यमनिन्दितानयत् ॥ २५ ॥

krtva samanav anilau jitasana sodanam utthapya ca nabhi-cakratah sanair hrdi sthapya dhiyorasi sthitam kanthad bhruvor madhyam aninditanayat

First of all she sat in the required sitting posture, and then she carried the life air upwards and placed it in the position of equilibrium near the navel. Then she raised her life air, mixed with intelligence, to the heart and then gradually towards the pulmonary passage and from there to between her eyebrows.

4.4.26

एवं स्वदेहं महतां महीयसा मुहु: समारोपितमङ्कमादरात् । जिहासती दक्षरुषा मनस्विनी दधार गात्रेष्वनिलाग्निधारणाम् ॥ २६ ॥

evam sva-deham mahatam mahiyasa muhuh samaropitam ankam adarat jihasati daksa-rusa manasvini dadhara gatresv anilagni-dharanam

Thus, in order to give up her body, which had been so respectfully and affectionately seated on the lap of Lord Siva, who is worshiped by great sages and saints, Sati, due to anger towards her father, began to meditate on the fiery air within the body.

4.4.27

तत: स्वभर्तुश्चरणाम्बुजासवं जगद्गुरोश्चिन्तयती न चापरम् । ददर्श देहो हतकल्मष: सती सद्य: प्रजज्वाल समाधिजाग्निना ॥ २७ ॥

tatah sva-bhartus caranambujasavam jagad-guros cintayati na caparam dadarsa deho hata-kalmasah sati sadyah prajajvala samadhijagnina

Sati concentrated all her meditation on the holy lotus feet of her husband, Lord Siva, who is the supreme spiritual master of all the world. Thus she became completely cleansed of all taints of sin and quit her body in a blazing fire by meditation on the fiery elements.

4.4.28

तत्पश्यतां खे भुवि चाद्भुतं महद् हाहेति वाद: सुमहानजायत । हन्त प्रिया दैवतमस्य देवी जहावसून् केन सती प्रकोपिता ॥ २८ ॥

tat pasyatam khe bhuvi cadbhutam mahad ha heti vadah sumahan ajayata hanta priya daivatamasya devi jahav asun kena sati prakopita

When Sati annihilated her body in anger, there was a tumultuous roar all over the universe. Why had Sati, the wife of the most respectable demigod, Lord Siva, quit her body in such a manner?

4.4.29

अहो अनात्म्यं महदस्य पश्यत प्रजापतेर्यस्य चराचरं प्रजा: । जहावसून् यद्विमतात्मजा सती मनस्विनी मानमभीक्ष्णमर्हति ॥ २९ ॥

aho anatmyam mahad asya pasyata prajapater yasya caracaram prajah jahav asun yad-vimatatmaja sati manasvini manam abhiksnam arhati

It was astonishing that Daksa, who was Prajapati, the maintainer of all living entities, was so disrespectful to his own daughter, Sati, who was not only chaste but was also a great soul, that she gave up her body because of his neglect.

4.4.30

सोऽयं दुर्मर्षहृदयो ब्रह्मध्रुक् च लोकेऽपकीर्तिं महतीमवाप्स्यति । यदङ्गजां स्वां पुरुषद्विडुद्यतां न प्रत्यषेधन्मृतयेऽपराधत: ॥ ३० ॥

so ’yam durmarsa-hrdayo brahma-dhruk ca loke ’pakirtim mahatim avapsyati yad-angajam svam purusa-dvid udyatam na pratyasedhan mrtaye ’paradhatah

Daksa, who is so hardhearted that he is unworthy to be a brahmana, will gain extensive ill fame because of his offenses to his daughter, because of not having prevented her death, and because of his great envy of the Supreme Personality of Godhead.

4.4.31

वदत्येवं जने सत्या दृष्ट्वासुत्यागमद्भुतम् । दक्षं तत्पार्षदा हन्तुमुदतिष्ठन्नुदायुधा: ॥ ३१ ॥

vadaty evam jane satya drstvasu-tyagam adbhutam daksam tat-parsada hantum udatisthann udayudhah

While people were talking among themselves about the wonderful voluntary death of Sati, the attendants who had come with her readied themselves to kill Daksa with their weapons.

4.4.32

तेषामापततां वेगं निशाम्य भगवान् भृगु: । यज्ञघ्नघ्नेन यजुषा दक्षिणाग्नौ जुहाव ह ॥ ३२ ॥

tesam apatatam vegam nisamya bhagavan bhrguh yajna-ghna-ghnena yajusa daksinagnau juhava ha

They came forward forcibly, but Bhrgu Muni saw the danger and, offering oblations into the southern side of the sacrificial fire, immediately uttered mantric hymns from the Yajur Veda by which the destroyers of yajnic performances could be killed immediately.

4.4.33

अध्वर्युणा हूयमाने देवा उत्पेतुरोजसा । ऋभवो नाम तपसा सोमं प्राप्ता: सहस्रश: ॥ ३३ ॥

adhvaryuna huyamane deva utpetur ojasa rbhavo nama tapasa somam praptah sahasrasah

When Bhrgu Muni offered oblations in the fire, immediately many thousands of demigods named Rbhus became manifested. All of them were powerful, having achieved strength from Soma, the moon.

4.4.34

तैरलातायुधै: सर्वे प्रमथा: सहगुह्यका: । हन्यमाना दिशो भेजुरुशद्‌भिर्ब्रह्मतेजसा ॥ ३४ ॥

tair alatayudhaih sarve pramathah saha-guhyakah hanyamana diso bhejur usadbhir brahma-tejasa

When the Rbhu demigods attacked the ghosts and Guhyakas with half-burned fuel from the yajna fire, all these attendants of Sati fled in different directions and disappeared. This was possible simply because of brahma-tejas, brahminical power.