अथ स एष आत्मा लोकानां द्यावापृथिव्योरन्तरेण नभोवलयस्य कालचक्रगतो द्वादश मासान् भुङ्क्ते राशिसंज्ञान् संवत्सरावयवान्मास: पक्षद्वयं दिवा नक्तं चेति सपादर्क्षद्वयमुपदिशन्ति यावता षष्ठमंशं भुञ्जीत स वै ऋतुरित्युपदिश्यते संवत्सरावयव: ॥ ५ ॥
atha sa esa atma lokanam dyav-aprthivyor antarena nabho-valayasya kalacakra-gato dvadasa masan bhunkte rasi-samjnan samvatsaravayavan masah paksa-dvayam diva naktam ceti sapadarksa-dvayam upadisanti yavata sastham amsam bhunjita sa vai rtur ity upadisyate samvatsaravayavah.
- atha
- therefore
- sah
- He
- esah
- this
- atma
- the living force
- lokanam
- of all the three worlds
- dyav-a-prthivyoh antarena
- between the upper and lower portions of the universe
- nabhah-valayasya
- of outer space
- kala-cakra-gatah
- positioned in the wheel of time
- dvadasa masan
- twelve months
- bhunkte
- passes
- rasi-samjnan
- named after the zodiac signs
- samvatsara-avayavan
- the parts of the whole year
- masah
- one month
- paksa-dvayam
- two fortnights
- diva
- a day
- naktam ca
- and a night
- iti
- thus
- sapada-rksa-dvayam
- by stellar calculations, two and a quarter constellations
- upadisanti
- they instruct
- yavata
- by as much time
- sastham amsam
- one sixth of his orbit
- bhunjita
- pass
- sah
- that portion
- vai
- indeed
- rtuh
- a season
- iti
- thus
- upadisyate
- is instructed
- samvatsara-avayavah
- a part of a year
The sun-god, who is Narayana, or Visnu, the soul of all the worlds, is situated in outer space between the upper and lower portions of the universe. Passing through twelve months on the wheel of time, the sun comes in touch with twelve different signs of the zodiac and assumes twelve different names according to those signs. The aggregate of those twelve months is called a samvatsara, or an entire year. According to lunar calculations, two fortnights—one of the waxing moon and the other of the waning—form one month. That same period is one day and night for the plane Pitrloka. According to stellar calculations, a month equals two and one quarter constellations. When the sun travels for two months, a season passes, and therefore the seasonal changes are considered parts of the body of the year.