शमो दमस्तितिक्षेक्षा तप: सत्यं दया स्मृति: । तुष्टिस्त्यागोऽस्पृहा श्रद्धा ह्रीर्दयादि: स्वनिर्वृति: ॥ २ ॥ काम ईहा मदस्तृष्णा स्तम्भ आशीर्भिदा सुखम् । मदोत्साहो यश:प्रीतिर्हास्यं वीर्यं बलोद्यम: ॥ ३ ॥ क्रोधो लोभोऽनृतं हिंसा याच्ञा दम्भ: क्लम: कलि: । शोकमोहौ विषादार्ती निद्राशा भीरनुद्यम: ॥ ४ ॥ सत्त्वस्य रजसश्चैतास्तमसश्चानुपूर्वश: । वृत्तयो वर्णितप्राया: सन्निपातमथो शृणु ॥ ५ ॥
śamo damas titikṣekṣā tapaḥ satyaṁ dayā smṛtiḥ tuṣṭis tyāgo ’spṛhā śraddhā hrīr dayādiḥ sva-nirvṛtiḥ kāma īhā madas tṛṣṇā stambha āśīr bhidā sukham madotsāho yaśaḥ-prītir hāsyaṁ vīryaṁ balodyamaḥ krodho lobho ’nṛtaṁ hiṁsā yācñā dambhaḥ klamaḥ kaliḥ śoka-mohau viṣādārtī nidrāśā bhīr anudyamaḥ sattvasya rajasaś caitās tamasaś cānupūrvaśaḥ vṛttayo varṇita-prāyāḥ sannipātam atho śṛṇu
- śamaḥ
- mind control
- damaḥ
- sense control
- titikṣā
- tolerance
- īkṣā
- discrimination
- tapaḥ
- strictly following one’s prescribed duty
- satyam
- truthfulness
- dayā
- mercy
- smṛtiḥ
- observation of the past and future
- tuṣṭiḥ
- satisfaction
- tyāgaḥ
- generosity
- aspṛhā
- detachment from sense gratification
- śraddhā
- faith (in the guru and other bona fide authorities)
- hrīḥ
- shame (due to improper activities)
- dayā-ādiḥ
- charity, simplicity, humility and so on
- sva-nirvṛtiḥ
- taking one’s pleasure from within
- kāmaḥ
- material desire
- īhā
- endeavor
- madaḥ
- audacity
- tṛṣṇā
- dissatisfaction even in gain
- stambhaḥ
- false pride
- āśīḥ
- praying to the demigods and other deities with desire for material gain
- bhidā
- separatist mentality
- sukham
- sense gratification
- mada-utsāhaḥ
- courage based on intoxication
- yaśaḥ-prītiḥ
- being fond of praise
- hāsyam
- indulging in ridicule
- vīryam
- advertising one’s power
- bala-udyamaḥ
- acting on the sanction of one’s own strength
- krodhaḥ
- intolerant anger
- lobhaḥ
- stinginess
- anṛtam
- false speech (speaking what is not stated in scripture as if it were evidence)
- hiṁsā
- enmity
- yācñā
- begging
- dambhaḥ
- hypocrisy
- klamaḥ
- fatigue
- kaliḥ
- quarrel
- śoka-mohau
- lamentation and delusion
- viṣāda-ārtī
- unhappiness and false humility
- nidrā
- sloth
- āśā
- false expectations
- bhīḥ
- fear
- anudyamaḥ
- lack of endeavor
- sattvasya
- of the mode of goodness
- rajasaḥ
- of the mode of passion
- ca
- and
- etāḥ
- these
- tamasaḥ
- of the mode of ignorance
- ca
- and
- ānupūrvaśaḥ
- one after another
- vṛttayaḥ
- the functions
- varṇita
- have been described
- prāyāḥ
- for the most part
- sannipātam
- the combination of these
- atho
- now
- śṛṇu
- please hear
Mind and sense control, tolerance, discrimination, sticking to one’s prescribed duty, truthfulness, mercy, careful study of the past and future, satisfaction in any condition, generosity, renunciation of sense gratification, faith in the spiritual master, being embarrassed at improper action, charity, simplicity, humbleness and satisfaction within oneself are qualities of the mode of goodness. Material desire, great endeavor, audacity, dissatisfaction even in gain, false pride, praying for material advancement, considering oneself different and better than others, sense gratification, rash eagerness to fight, a fondness for hearing oneself praised, the tendency to ridicule others, advertising one’s own prowess and justifying one’s actions by one’s strength are qualities of the mode of passion. Intolerant anger, stinginess, speaking without scriptural authority, violent hatred, living as a parasite, hypocrisy, chronic fatigue, quarrel, lamentation, delusion, unhappiness, depression, sleeping too much, false expectations, fear and laziness constitute the major qualities of the mode of ignorance. Now please hear about the combination of these three modes.