भिक्षोर्धर्म: शमोऽहिंसा तप ईक्षा वनौकस: । गृहिणो भूतरक्षेज्या द्विजस्याचार्यसेवनम् ॥ ४२ ॥
bhikṣor dharmaḥ śamo ’hiṁsā tapa īkṣā vanaukasaḥ gṛhiṇo bhūta-rakṣejyā dvijasyācārya-sevanam
- bhikṣoḥ
- of a sannyāsī
- dharmaḥ
- the main religious principle
- śamaḥ
- equanimity
- ahiṁsā
- nonviolence
- tapaḥ
- austerity
- īkṣā
- discrimination (between the body and the soul)
- vana
- in the forest
- okasaḥ
- of one dwelling, a vānaprastha
- gṛhiṇaḥ
- of a householder
- bhūta-rakṣā
- offering shelter to all living entities
- ijyā
- performance of sacrifice
- dvi-jasya
- of a brahmacārī
- ācārya
- the spiritual master
- sevanam
- serving
The main religious duties of a sannyāsī are equanimity and nonviolence, whereas for the vānaprastha austerity and philosophical understanding of the difference between the body and soul are prominent. The main duties of a householder are to give shelter to all living entities and perform sacrifices, and the brahmacārī is mainly engaged in serving the spiritual master.